I ran into a man the other day who told me he’d been robbed.
Now, since we’ve been averaging only about one robbery per month lately, I usually
keep on top of them. I wasn’t familiar with this particular robbery, so I
pressed for details. Turns out, the man was not robbed; he was the victim of a
burglary. Well, sort of—the weed eater was taken from his truck.
Very confusing, I know. Unfortunately, we’re at the whim of
much larger bureaucracies when it comes to reporting and classifying criminal
activity in Gulfport. The state legislature has one set of definitions—the ones
we use to actually charge and prosecute people; the federal government has its
own, and they’re entirely different. Let me give you a couple of examples to
help explain.
When somebody points a gun at you and steals your wallet,
that’s a robbery no matter how you look at it. Both state and federal
definitions call it the same thing; taking property by use of violence is a
robbery. If the criminal instead snatches your purse off your arm and runs
away, no violence involved, now things get confusing. That’s a robbery under
Florida law, but most likely not under the federal rules.
The kid who jimmies your back door and breaks into your
house to steal the TV commits a burglary under both definitions. Forcing entry
into a residence to commit theft is always a burglary, but there are plenty of
cases where sometimes it is and sometimes it isn’t.
Under Florida law, burglary does not require forced entry.
And it applies to vehicles just the same. Under federal law, there is no such
thing as burglary to a vehicle. So when somebody opens your unlocked car and
takes the change out of the cup holder, that’s a burglary in Florida, but it’s just
a theft according to the feds.
To make matters even more confusing, the state legislature
added something called “curtilage” to their burglary statute. This means that
if you steal a bicycle from under a covered porch, for example, it’s a
burglary. The FBI, of course, does not agree; to them it’s just theft.
To keep the public informed, we participate in the Pinellas
Crime Viewer program, which is a very cool, interactive map that is free and
open to the public (gis.pinellascounty.org/crimeviewer). Our offense
data is uploaded daily to this website, and the stats are based on crimes as
they are defined under state, not federal law. This is the source that local
news outlets use to report crime, so this is what most people see on a regular
basis.
What makes things look strange, however, is that we also have
to produce reports twice per year for the FBI. These reports are intended to be
uniform throughout the nation so that researchers can make reasonably-accurate
comparisons. Of course, these reports are based on federal crime definitions.
This explains why you might read the local paper every week and see eight to
ten burglaries, yet our annual report shows less than 200.
Via the accreditation process, GPD reporting procedures are
subject to a thorough review by outside experts once every three years. The FBI,
State Attorney’s Office, and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement also have
oversight authority over this process. Each of those entities can at any time and
without notice review our records to ensure we are following the rules.
Furthermore, all records that are not legally exempt are also subject to public
review. Any person can review our reports and publicly challenge the findings.
So when the data looks a bit strange and doesn’t seem to
jive, I promise you there is no nefarious intent, just bureaucracy at its
finest.
